In Latin America, CDI cases associated with the epidemic strain were reported in Costa Rica, Panama, Chile, and Colombia. difficile ribotypes, including 001, 014, and 078 4, have emerged as main causes of CDI. This strain caused numerous outbreaks and deaths in North America, Canada, and several countries in Europe 2, 3. In the early 2000s, the epidemiology of CDI drastically changed with the emergence of BI/NAP1/ribotype 027, an epidemic and hypervirulent strain. difficile infection (CDI), including surface layer (S-layer) proteins and flagellin, also have been described 1. Other proteins related to the observed inflammatory response and colonization in C. difficile are two potent toxins, TcdA and TcdB. These data show close similarity between the genome and proteins in the supernatant of two strains with hypervirulent features isolated in Latin America and underscore the importance of epidemiological surveillance of the transmission and emergence of new strains.Ĭlostridioides difficile (previously named Clostridium difficile), a gram-positive bacillus, spore-forming anaerobic bacterium, is considered the major cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in hospitalized patients worldwide 1. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD026218. Most proteins, including TcdA, TcdB, flagellin subunit, and cell surface protein, were overrepresented in the ICC-45 strain 14 proteins, including mature S-layer protein, were present in higher proportions in LIBA5756. These proteins were involved with catalytic and binding functions and indirectly interacted with proteins related to pathogenicity. Only five proteins were exclusive to the ICC-45 strain. Exoproteome analysis revealed 197 proteins, of which 192 were similar in both strains.
Only 83 and 290 NAP1/027 genes were considered singletons in ICC-45 and NAP1/027, respectively. Genomic analysis revealed that these isolates shared most of the gene composition. difficile isolates were cultured and extracellular proteins were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. difficile strains considered hypervirulent: ICC-45 (ribotype SLO231/UK821), isolated in Brazil, and NAP1/027/ST01 (LIBA5756), isolated during a 2010 outbreak in Costa Rica. We examined the genomes and exoproteomes of two multilocus sequence type (MLST) clade 2 C. Clostridioides difficile BI/NAP1/ribotype 027 is an epidemic hypervirulent strain found worldwide, including in Latin America.
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